Methods of Translating Ancient Turkic Situational Realias into Modern Languages

This scientific article aims to investigate the distinctiveness of situational realias as significant components of realias, their methodological uniqueness in artistic texts, and translation methods into modern Uzbek, German, and English. To achieve this, the following tasks are proposed: elucidate the concept of realia and situational realia and define various perspectives on it; clarify the issue of equivalence and adequacy in translating situational realias; identify situational realias in Yusuf Khass Hajib’s “Kutadgu Bilig” and determine their linguistic and stylistic characteristics; ascertain the features of ancient Turkish situational realias and their translation methods into modern languages; determine the rationale for re-translations into different languages and evaluate the superior aspects of subsequent translations; establish the salient features of situational realias, the unique perspectives of scholars on the concept of realias, their use in the first Turkish literary epic, and demonstrate translation methods into European languages.
This study utilized research methods including comparison, analysis, and generalization. The findings showed a notable impact on translation quality and indicated their potential as a guide for future, higher-quality publications. Currently, in defining the concept of realia, perspectives from scholars in translation studies, linguistics, and literary studies have been synthesized and their key aspects highlighted, with emphasis on authorship. Furthermore, through the identification of various methods employed in the translation of situational realias, their advantages and disadvantages were revealed, and appropriate translation methods were recommended. Thus, in each instance of a specific space and time characteristic of the realias, the realias become situational in one way or another, necessitating special preparation for the translation of such realias.