Language, Education and Culture in the Period of the Karakhanides

The article explores the Karakhanids’ state, language, cultural life, and literary output, as well as the formation of the Uzbek population. The primary objective of the study is to investigate the lexical features of Qarluq dialects in Surkhandarya through dialectology. To achieve this, the opinions and comments of both national and international linguists were analyzed and classified into specific groups.
The study utilized descriptive, generalizing, comparative-historical, and semantic analysis methods. As a result, the scientific opinions and observations regarding language and dialect units put forth by experts were systematized, and conclusions were drawn regarding the use of certain terms. Additionally, the article discusses various approaches to scientific and artistic works created during the Karakhanids.
In the 18th-early 20th centuries, later generations of the Qarluqs inhabited the Samarkand, Bukhara, Kashkadarya, and Surkhandarya regions of Uzbekistan. The research examines the Qarluq dialect from a dialectological and areal linguistics perspective in the context of several villages, such as Qallik, Qallukon, and Qarluqkhana, in the Bukhara oasis. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that at the beginning of the last century, there was a growing interest in studying Uzbek folk dialects, and Russian and Uzbek scholars conducted extensive research on Uzbek dialects, which was based on scientific principles.
The research delves into the spread of the Qarluqs and their dialect within the Uzbek language massif and describes the relationship between the Surkhandarya Qarluq dialects and other regional Qarluq dialects. The article also provides important information about the emphasis placed on education during the Karakhanid period and the works of renowned thinkers and scientists who lived and created during that time.