Translation aspect of non-equivalent vocabulary

The author of the article discusses the ways of translating non-equivalent vocabulary from one language to another, and also considers the concept of non-equivalent vocabulary. In recent years, many works have appeared testifying the interest of linguists to study linguistic phenomena in a broad extra-linguistic context. In such studies, the conditionality of the language in the very meaning of lexical units is revealed, the so-called “cultural” component of the meaning is singled out, the linguistic nature of “background” knowledge is presented, peculiarities and originality of their functioning in each of the considered linguistic communities is shown.
The term of “non-equivalent vocabulary” is actively used in linguistics and linguo-culturology, but among researchers there is no common consideration of it. Non-equivalent vocabulary, due to the frequency of its use, can often be used in speech and, as a result, be lexico-graphed, but among it there are lexemes that are used rarely or even once; in addition, they are not always accompanied by an “explanatory definition”. This circumstance, as well as the degree of sound similarity with the original word, depends on the way used in their translation.
Names of national cultural objects that exist in the country of the source text not being familiar to the speakers of the culture of the target language are of great importance in translation. In the work “Kutadgu Bilig” by Yusuf Khos Khadjib such lexemes are presented several times and one of the recognized methods of their translation into English, Russian or Uzbek is transliteration/ transcription. Sometimes two tools of translation are used, in which the lexical unit is preserved with simultaneous semantic translation or commentary, or transcription is used with descriptive translation.
When translating the non-equivalent vocabulary of the text “Kutadgu Bilig”, such basic translation techniques as transliteration/ transcription, calque, mixed translation are used. Calque and semi-calque are observed in the English text of the translation.