Literary psychology in literature as a general problem

In literature critical studies, psychologism in fiction, is understood not as a tool of the creation of heroes’ characters in a certain work and the presence of psychological reliability in it, but it is the artistic representation of the inner world of characters – their thoughts, experiences, desires, etc. Any work cannot be written without the shortest and historical information about the inner world of the characters. Therefore, we can find a psychological image in every work of art. Psychologism can be considered only when the psychological image becomes the main method of knowing the depicted character, when it carries an important content load and reveals the features of the thematically large volume. As a result, the psychological image is very complex, subtle and deep, and is not limited to a general, schematic drawing of the internal state. It is then that psychological coating appears in the work of art. The psychological function of a portrait and landscape description helps in many ways to determine the inner character of the characters' feelings. A living hero is embodied before the eyes of the reader. Sometimes the sufferings, fears and troubles of a hero are reflected in the external portrait, and in some cases, in addition to the external sketches, the inner world of a hero, his/her thoughts, and the problems and joyful moments of his/her life can be depicted.
In literature critical studies, artistic psychologism is a phenomenon related to the artistic image, which differs mainly in terms of literary types and genres. Therefore, the use of psychologism has a different character in epic genres. If a novel is a genre with unlimited possibilities for psychological analysis, a story reflects a certain part of life, and the possibility of using artistic psychology in it is somewhat limited compared to a novel and drama. Therefore, the depiction of the psyche of a hero requires the author’s certain skills to write a proper story.
The article deals with the stages of psychologizm development and usage in fiction. Every author wants to revive the protagonist of his/her work to be correctly understood by a reader. This process is connected with the psyche of the protagonist. The author uses various poetic means to reveal the character's psyche. The depiction of the human psyche is not a recent concept. Its stages of development go back to the antic literature, its development and perfection dates back to the Renaissance. While the most advanced methods of artistic expression of a person's spiritual experiences are the inner and outer portraits of the protagonist, the dialogue, the inner monologue, and the landscape also play an important role. This article focuses on the usage of these poetic techniques.